DAWs on Linux
I’ve been doing audio stuff, on and off, close to half a decade, now; DAWs are kind of the foundation, the kitchen you do your metaphorical cooking in.
Like kitchens, there’s no best kitchen — any sufficiently good kitchen will do — but there are bad kitchens: lots of DAWs have things you’ll sorely miss. The Linux DAW scene is still, to use a technical term, “doodoo ass.”
Here’s what I’ve tried, and what I’ve jived best with.
TL;DR: Furnace for chiptunes, Bitwig if you’re willing to pay, Ardour if it’s before ~2027, Zrythm otherwise.
Furnace
It’s a tracker, and a good piece of software! It seems to be a FOSS successor to DefleMask. It does take a bit of ricing to make it not ugly (protip: turn off rounded corners,)
It supports pretty much every kind of old-school synth chip you can think of, lets you mix and match them, supports samples, very nice UX. A few wishlist items would be the ability to manipulate patterns with drag-and-drop, but that’s really just cake on top. Fantastic software for making chiptunes/tracker music.
No complaints from me. I did try to rice it into using HJKL for movement, with limited success, but that was in hindsight kind of foolhardy in the first place.
Free download on GitHub. Not in the Debian repos.
Ardour
I started out here, rather than in LMMS as many do, and it’s still probably the DAW I’ve spent the most time with. In my experience, it’s been moderately unstable— persistent random crashes, failures to load plugins, etc. However, it’s got a really robust recovery mechanism, so I’ve never actually lost more than like 2 minutes of progress. (As a cost, you do get some pretty fat (high 100MBs, low GBs) project files on disk— it’s not that big of a deal on modern systems, but be warned!)
It’s really good at recorded audio! Comes with a lot of features for punchin/punchout, time sync, and so on. Also comes with an okay pile of stock plugins, though notably no synths. It also has access to LV2, uniquely on this list; not super relevant in today’s age, but it does mean you can use the Calf plugin line, which is pretty good.
It’s not very good at synth music; it has a MIDI editor that’s… serviceable, but kind of mid, and you’ve gotta BYO effects. Notably, it also has pretty much zero support for automation that’s not recorded from hardware: all automation curves are linear, can’t be biased, have no QoL features like ability to snap to horizontal points, and are kind of bugged in implementation to boot.
I had to write this all out by hand. Don’t do this.
It’s on Flatpak, but it wants a lot of /usr/lib access for plugins, so you’ll kneecap yourself that way. It’s also on most package managers, at varying levels of updated-ness; I think AUR has it bleeding edge, but Debiuntu is like two major versions behind. You can also build it yourself, if you’re FOSSpilled enough.
TLDR: Good at recording, mid at synthwork. Good DAW for more acoustic people than I am.
Bitwig Studio
Pretty much the only closed-source DAW I’ll endorse here! It’s got its quirks, of course, but it’s probably got the best UI of any DAW I’ve used.
Roses:
- Love the semimodularity. You can do a lot of cute FX layouts inline that you would have to use send/return pairs for in any other DAW.
- Good spread of tools! Complete kit of stock plugs. Love the drum machine, that shit’s ass in Ardour.
- Nice UI. Matters more than you’d think.
- Flawless plugin support— best in the biz. Almost every format, with sandboxing and crash recovery, seamless integration with search, you name it.
- Lovely search function— at a glance indexing of all your sound files. No digging through subdirs.
- Fantastic pitchbend/MPE support. Sweeowwoowoose.
- It took me a lot of time to think of these roses, just because they were so intuitive.
Thorns:
- The stock presets are not very Init-friendly (I had to reprogram them), and the sounds aren’t great.
- The stock FX kits are kind of primitive— it’s meant to be semimodular, so you do have a lot of chances to put extra effects in the signal path, but there’s no plug-and-play “reverb that sounds fantastic.”
- The Orchestral sound packs flood my RAM and crash my machine. I simply uninstalled them.
- Piano roll doesn’t let me drag up/down to move note when placing it plz fix
- Note tools are kind of weird and underbaked. Hopefully these get some love.
- When search indexes SFZ files, it also indexes all the wav files comprising the samples. Bloats the hell out of instrument search :/
Not much to say other than this: it’s a pretty good pick if you have the cache to spend!
Zrythm
An up-and-comer to the open-source buy-a-build scene. I’ve used it a bit, and it’s not for me yet, but I’ll be keeping an eye on it in the coming years.
It’s got a lovely UI, except that it’s packed as all goddamn hell— GTK4 still has some kinks to work out in terms of spacing. It’s got really nice piano roll and loops support.
Notably, it supports autosave, but both save and autosave freeze the GUI thread for some fucked reason, until the write completes; apparently it does some fancy rollback journaling to ensure recovery, which also means the write takes hundreds of milliseconds to seconds on my machine. This is a dealbreaker for me— it’s nice software other than that, but I cannot deal with my entire setup freezing and refusing to accept input (1) when I hit Ctrl+S (2) periodically every couple minutes. At least it doesn’t freeze the DSP threads.
On Flatpak, though same concerns apply about sandboxing and plugins. Also can be compiled from source.
True modulars
These aren’t DAWs as such, but they should be shouted out because they’re really fucking cool:
- Pd/PlugData: Modular graph-based audio languages à la Max/MSP. Pd’s ugly, but PlugData is a really nice reskin with the same functionality. Sheer learning curve. Really fun toys, but more for specific digital synthesis stuff/sound design than general DAW stuff. Kind of hard to compose in, but pieces in it have the potential to go crazy hard.
- Cardinal: Modular Eurorack GUI system. Works standalone or as a plugin/synth in a UI. Huge plethora of plugins, really really fantastic UX, includes things like sequencers and generators so you can compose in it directly pretty straightforwardly (shoutout Biset Tracker). Insanely cool; but really high DSP load, and I’ve experienced some instabilities in the past, so I don’t tend to reach for it in big pieces. Also has a WASM online version, because they’re insane I guess.
Wine it up
Okay, this doesn’t really count as “on Linux”, but it does work.
Several people I know do this! You can pick a mainline (Live, FL Studio, Cubase, Pro Tools) and run it through WINE. I don’t like doing this, for a couple reasons:
- UI edgecases may be buggy, and WINE is mildly ugly: the file picker is unusable, and popups sometimes kick you out of/minimize the DAW.
- You get some pretty rough CPU overhead, and 3rd plugins (which are just Windows DLLs, being dynamically loaded and then translated through WINE) have the capability to freeze or crash your DAW outright. Haven’t worked this out, so I had to stick to stock plugs.
- MIDI latency and device setup is kind of rough. ASIO worked for me but needed a bit of tinkering to get right.
Expect instability if you do this! That being said, I do have friends who happily swear by FL/Live over WINE. Not a bad pick if you’re coming to the Linux scene from afar!
Honorable mentions
- Reaper: Good DAW, perfectly serviceable - couldn’t grok the interface or the piano roll. Lovely software, though.
- Renoise: Paid option. Nice free trial plan; nice UI. Limited synth support. I prefer DAWs for non-chip projects, but it should definitely be on your radar if you’re into trackers.
- LMMS: Tried it. Didn’t like it. Mediocre FL studio clone, missing a pile of features, hasn’t cut a release in almost half a decade. Next.
- MuseScore: This shit’s for classical musicians. You can get gorgeously-typeset sheet music played on the worst MIDI instruments known to man.
- MusE: Ugly as sin. Couldn’t get into it.